UPSC Key—17 August, 2023: PM-eBus Sewa Scheme, Sexual Orientation Discrimination and Gender Stereotyping | UPSC Current Affairs News
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Mains Examination: General Studies I: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story-In a move to promote green mobility across, the Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved the PM-eBus Sewa scheme for operation of 10,000 electric buses in 100 cities, with priority to those without an organised bus service. Hailing the scheme, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said it will “redefine urban mobility”. It will strengthen our urban transport infrastructure. Prioritising cities without organised bus services, this move promises not only cleaner and efficient transport but also aims to generate several jobs,” he tweeted.
• What is PM-eBus Sewa scheme?
• For Your Information-According to PIB, the Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister, has approved a bus scheme “PM-eBus Sewa” for augmenting city bus operation by 10,000 e-buses on PPP model. The Scheme would have an estimated cost of Rs.57,613 crore, out of which support of Rs.20,000 crore will be provided by the Central government. The Scheme will support bus operations for 10 years. The scheme will cover cities of Three lakh and above population as per census 2011 including all the Capital cities of Union Territories, North Eastern Region and Hill States. Under this scheme priority will be given to cities having no organized bus service. The scheme will promote e-mobility and provide full support for behind-the-meter power infrastructure. Cities will also be supported for development of charging infrastructure under Green Urban Mobility Initiatives. The support to bus priority infrastructure shall not only accelerate the proliferation of state-of-the-art, energy efficient electric buses but also foster the innovation in the e-mobility sector as well as development of resilient supply chain for electric vehicles. This scheme shall also bring in economies of scale for procurement of electric buses through aggregation for e-buses. Adoption to Electric mobility will reduce noise and air pollution and curb carbon emission. Modal shift due to increased share of bus-based public transportation will lead to GHG reduction. The Scheme has two segments: Segment A – Augmenting the City bus services:(169 cities):The approved bus scheme will augment city bus operations with 10,000 e-buses on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. Associated Infrastructure will provide support for Development/ up-gradation of depot infrastructure; and Creation of behind-the-meter power infrastructure (substation, etc.) for e-buses and Segment B– Green Urban Mobility Initiatives (GUMI): (181 cities): The scheme envisages green initiatives like bus priority, infrastructure, multimodal interchange facilities, NCMC-based Automated Fare Collection Systems, Charging infrastructure, etc. Support for Operation: Under the scheme, States/Cities shall be responsible for running the bus services and making payments to the bus operators. The Central Government will support these bus operations by providing subsidy to the extent specified in the proposed scheme.
• What do you understand by e-mobility?
• What are the types of e-mobility?
• What is the e-mobility policy in India?
• What is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) model?
• What are the types of PPP?
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
Rampant, unscientific building caused Himachal disaster: CM
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.
Mains Examination:
• General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
• General Studies III: Disaster and disaster management.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story- Blaming faulty structural design, indiscriminate construction work and “migrant architects” for the destruction faced by his state this week, Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu hinted at tougher building rules in the future. The CM also said the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) should go for more tunnelling instead of widening the roads, and its engineers need to cut the mountains more scientifically.
• What do you understand by “faulty structural design, indiscriminate construction work and migrant architects”?
• For Your Information-At least 70 people have died and more than 1,000 homes damaged in landslides and flash floods following heavy downpour in the state. “It will take us one year to recover from the loss. Within four years, Himachal will become self-independent. And within the next 10 years, it will become the number one state in the country,” the CM said.
• Do you think that tunnelling instead of widening the roads will be more feasible in Himalayan states?
• What is the cause of Landslides and Cloudburst in Himachal Pradesh?
• Why Landslides and Cloudburst are more frequent in Himalayan region?
• What is ‘Bihari architects’?
• Why Himachal Pradesh CM is blaming ‘Bihari architects’?
• Why is Himalayan ecosystem fragile?
• What are the ecological problems faced by the Himalayan States?
• What are the major steps to be undertaken for safeguarding the fragile ecosystem of the Himalayan States?
• Do You Know-Floods and landslides are not uncommon in the Himalayan region. The young mountains are geologically active and the region has a long history of downslope movement of rocks and boulders. According to the ISRO’s Landslide Atlas of India, all 12 districts of Himachal are susceptible to landslips. But the slopes seem to have become more unstable in recent years.
According to the state’s disaster management data, the number of landslides increased nearly six times between 2020 and 2022. Himachal’s Disaster Management Plan ascribes this to climate change and the increase in extreme rainfall events. It’s correct that the average temperature in the Himalayas is rising faster than the rest of the country. There is also no doubt that short but intense bursts of rainfall have become frequent in the state, like in several other parts of the country. But ecologically-insensitive development has compromised Himachal’s capacity to withstand inclement weather. In the past 10 years, the state has gone on a road-widening spree. Sixty-nine national highway projects have been approved, of which five are four-lane highways. Roads and highways are important to the region’s economic development. But such projects must be mindful of the area’s ecological vulnerabilities. For instance, road expansion drives rarely factor in slope stability. There is very little planning on what to do with construction debris. Last year, the Himachal Pradesh High Court expressed serious concerns on the “unplanned excavation” of the hills and “poorly executed construction” of roads in the state.
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍The 360° UPSC Debate| Himalayan States: Environmental concerns vs development
Destroying self-esteem of a person amounts to suicide abetment: HC
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Mains Examination: General Studies I: Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story-The tarnishing of the image or destruction of the self-esteem and self-respect of a hypersensitive person would amount to abetment to suicide if the accused persons have consistently irritated or annoyed a victim by words or deeds, the Karnataka High Court has ruled while refusing to quash a criminal case against three senior executives of a private firm over the death of a Dalit worker belonging to the LGBT community.
• What exactly Karnataka High Court said?
• What is sexual orientation discrimination?
• What is an example of sexual orientation harassment?
• Who are Dalits?
• Why they are called Dalits?
• Genesis of the term ‘Dalit’?
• What is present conditions of Dalits in Indian Society in terms of social and economic perspective?
• Why untouchability towards Dalit community still prevalent even after affirmative actions ensured by the highest authority that is by the Constitution of India??
• Conversion and Sanskritization-Compare and Contrast
• What is Sanskritization explain with example?
• Who gave Sanskritization concept?
• For Your Information-The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950, under Article 341 stipulates that no person professing a religion different from Hinduism, Sikhism or Buddhism can be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste. The original order under which only Hindus were classified as SCs was amended in 1956 to include Sikhs, and in 1990 to cover Buddhists.
• The constitution of India talks about affirmative action for the upliftment and betterment of vulnerable sections in the Indian Society. What are they?
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
Eve-teasing to keep, adulteress to bastard: SC suggests rewrite to fight stereotypes
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Current events of national and international importance.
Main Examination:
• General Studies I: Social empowerment
• General Studies II: Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story-“Eve teasing” is the incorrect way of saying “street sexual harassment” which should be the “alternative language… preferred” in courts, and it is a “stereotype” that “women who consume alcohol or smoke cigarettes want to engage in sexual relations with men”. These are among the dozens of “stereotypes” and “incorrect… stereotype promoting language” flagged by the Supreme Court in its ‘Handbook on Combating Gender Stereotypes’ launched Wednesday. The handbook, according to the top court, “aims to assist judges and the legal community in identifying, understanding and combating stereotypes about women”.
• What exactly Supreme Court has said?
• What is the handbook?
• Do You Know- The SC handbook is a 30-page booklet that aims to assist judges and the legal community in identifying, understanding and combating stereotypes about women. The handbook identifies common stereotypical words and phrases used about women, many of them routinely found in judgements. For example, in the 2017 Supreme Court ruling awarding the death penalty for the convicts in the Delhi gang-rape case, the verdict repeatedly uses the word “ravished” to say raped. “It is absolutely obvious that the accused persons had found an object for enjoyment in her and, as is evident, they were obsessed with the singular purpose sans any feeling to ravish her as they liked, treat her as they felt and, if we allow ourselves to say, the gross sadistic and beastly instinctual pleasures came to the forefront when they, after ravishing her, thought it to be just a matter of routine to throw her along with her friend out of the bus and crush them,” the Court said.
The handbook quotes other judgements where judges unwittingly use stereotypical characterisations of women. “A girl aged 24 years is weak and vulnerable, capable of being exploited in many ways,” a 2017 judgement of the Kerala High Court said. Some of the “stereotype promoting language” the handbook flags as “incorrect”, and suggests “alternative language (preferred)” for, include ‘concubine/keep’ for which the suggestion is ‘woman with whom a man has had romantic or sexual relations outside of marriage’; for ‘a woman of easy virtue’, simply ‘woman’; for ‘child prostitute’; a ‘child who has been trafficked’; and for ‘Hormonal (to describe a woman’s emotional state)’, the use of ‘a gender neutral term to describe the emotion (e.g., compassionate or enthusiastic)’.
• Why is it important for judges to use the right words?
• Have there been similar efforts in other countries?
• What is gender stereotyping?
• For Your Information-According to Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), a gender stereotype is a generalized view or preconception about attributes or characteristics, or the roles that are or ought to be possessed by, or performed by, women and men.A gender stereotype is harmful when it limits women’s and men’s capacity to develop their personal abilities, pursue their professional careers and/or make choices about their lives. Whether overtly hostile (such as “women are irrational”) or seemingly benign (“women are nurturing”), harmful stereotypes perpetuate inequalities. For example, the traditional view of women as care givers means that child care responsibilities often fall exclusively on women.
Further, gender stereotypes compounded and intersecting with other stereotypes have a disproportionate negative impact on certain groups of women, such as women from minority or indigenous groups, women with disabilities, women from lower caste groups or with lower economic status, migrant women, etc. Gender stereotyping refers to the practice of ascribing to an individual woman or man specific attributes, characteristics, or roles by reason only of her or his membership in the social group of women or men. Gender stereotyping is wrongful when it results in a violation or violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
• ‘Prejudice or stereotyping towards women in India’-Comment
• What is the difference between prejudice and stereotype?
• What are the causes of stereotyping of women in Indian Society?
• How do people develop prejudice or stereotyping mentality?
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍WHY THE SUPREME COURT HANDBOOK ON GENDER STEREOTYPES MATTERS
THE CITY
Yamuna cleaner than usual but still short of water quality standards
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change
Mains Examination: General Studies III: Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story-The Yamuna has been cleaner than usual owing to heavy rainfall in the catchment areas and the river being in spate, but still does not meet water quality standards at several points. A Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) report on water quality at eight points of the Yamuna in Delhi based on samples collected on August 3 indicates the presence of dissolved oxygen at all eight points, but less than the desired levels.
• Map Work-Yamuna (Source, Major cities, destination and Tributaries)
• What is a dissolved oxygen level?
• What do faecal coliforms indicate?
• What are chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand?
• For Your Information-According to the ecologist CR Babu, “The amount of dissolved oxygen is crucial in determining water quality. The more dissolved oxygen there is, greater the activity of living organisms and degradation of pollutants, and cleaner the water.” He added that when sewage is released into the river, oxygen is used in degradation of organic matter, making it difficult for organisms to survive, which is why a polluted river does not have dissolved oxygen. The river also did not meet other parameters related to standards despite increased water flow on account of heavy monsoon rainfall. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) remained above the standard of 3 mg/litre at seven out of eight sampling points but was lower than what was recorded in June. At the Nizamuddin Bridge, for instance, the BOD level was 26 mg/litre, down from 42 mg/litre in June. Similarly, the faecal coliform level was 10,000 MPN/100 ml (most probable number) earlier this month, down from 26,000 MPN/100 ml in June, but still well above the maximum permissible limit of 2,500. Babu said, “In the lean season when there is a lack of normal river water flow, downstream of Wazirabad, it is no better than sewage. The system does not have a self-purification system, which means that organisms like phytoplankton and zooplankton are not in water. There is no dissolved oxygen.” “Whereas, in the monsoon, dilution takes place along with enrichment of oxygen. If ecological flow is ensured downstream of Hathnikund even in the lean season, the river can be rejuvenated. Another way is to treat sewage to that level. Once that happens, biotic or living communities like phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic plants, fish, and molluscs would come up and self-purification would take place,” he added.
• What National Green Tribunal said for Yamuna restoration?
• What National Green Tribunal said for Yamuna restoration in past?
• What is National Green Tribunal (NGT)?
• What is the Structure of NGT?
• What are the Important Landmark Judgements of NGT?
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍Situation far from satisfactory: NGT on Delhi govt report on Yamuna restoration
GOVT & POLITICS
Cabinet clears Rs 13,000-cr 5-yr scheme for crafts people
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development-Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.
Mains Examination: General Studies II: Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story-A day after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced during his Independence Day address the launch of Vishwakarma Yojana “in the coming days”, the Rs 13,000-crore scheme, aimed at benefiting individuals skilled in traditional craftsmanship, was announced on Wednesday after a meeting of the Union Cabinet. On Tuesday, Modi had said: “In the days to come, we will launch a scheme on the occasion of Vishwakarma Jayanti, benefiting individuals skilled in traditional craftsmanship, particularly from the OBC community. Weavers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, laundry workers, barbers, and such families will be empowered through the ‘Vishwakarma Yojana’, which will begin with an allocation of around Rs 13,000 crore to Rs 15,000 crore.”
• What is PM Vishwakarma Scheme?
• Know the key highlights of Scheme
• For Your Information-The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi today approved a new Central Sector Scheme “PM Vishwakarma” with a financial outlay of Rs.13,000 crore for a period of five years (FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28). The scheme aims to strengthen and nurture the Guru-Shishya parampara or family-based practice of traditional skills by artisans and craftspeople working with their hands and tools. The scheme also aims at improving the quality, as well as the reach of products and services of artisans and craftspeople and to ensure that the Vishwakarmas are integrated with the domestic and global value chains. Under PM Vishwakarma scheme, the artisans and craftspeople will be provided recognition through PM Vishwakarma certificate and ID card, Credit Support upto Rs.1 lakh (First Tranche) and Rs.2 lakh (Second Tranche) with a concessional interest rate of 5%. The Scheme will further provide Skill Upgradation, Toolkit Incentive, Incentive for Digital Transactions and Marketing Support. The scheme will provide support to artisans and craftspeople of rural and urban areas across India. Eighteen traditional trades will be covered in the first instance under PM Vishwakarma. These trades include: Carpenter (Suthar), Boat Maker, Armourer, Blacksmith (Lohar), Hammer and Tool Kit Maker, Locksmith, Goldsmith (Sonar), Potter (Kumhaar), Sculptor (Moortikar, stone carver), Stone breaker, Cobbler(Charmkar)/ Shoesmith/Footwear artisan, Mason (Rajmistri), Basket/Mat/Broom Maker/Coir Weaver, Doll & Toy Maker (Traditional), Barber (Naai), Garland maker (Malakaar), Washerman (Dhobi), Tailor (Darzi) and Fishing Net Maker.
• Do You Know- As per Union minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, these artisans and craftspeople will be provided recognition through PM Vishwakarma certificate and identity card, and extended a collateral-free credit support of up to Rs 1 lakh (in the first tranche) and Rs 2 lakh (in the second tranche) at a concessional interest rate of 5%. Giving details, Vaishnaw said the scheme will also provide artisans help to upgrade their skill-set and give incentives for digital transactions and marketing support. A stipend of Rs 500 will be provided for skill-training and Rs 1,500 to purchase modern tools, he said. The minister said registration for the scheme can be done at common services centres in villages. While the Centre will fund the scheme, support of state governments will also be needed.
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍PM Vishwakarma Yojana for artisans to be launched on Vishwakarma Jayanti in September
EXPRESS NETWORK
President suspends IPS officer accused of misbehaving with woman at Goa club
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
Mains Examination:
• General Studies II: Role of civil services in a democracy.
• General Studies IV: Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story- President Droupadi Murmu on Wednesday suspended a 2009-batch IPS officer of AGMUT cadre days after Goa Police filed a report with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) alleging that he had misbehaved with a woman tourist at a beach club in North Goa. The accused, A Koan, was allegedly in an inebriated state at the time of the crime, police have said. Last week, Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant had said in the Assembly that “strict action will be taken” against the accused, and “we will not tolerate this”.
• Who can suspend or dismiss an IPS officer?
• Removal from the post and suspension from the post-Compare and Contrast
• Removal, dismissal and suspension-know the terms
• For what social purpose do police exist?
• What is All India Services discipline and appeal rules 1969?
• What are the conduct rules for all India services?
• For Your Information- An order, issued in the name of President Murmu, by MHA Under-Secretary Rakesh Kumar Singh on Wednesday stated that “the President of India, in exercise of powers conferred under Rule 3 of All India Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1969, hereby places Dr Koan under suspension with immediate effect”. The order stated: “It is further ordered that during the period for which this order shall remain in force, the headquarters of Dr Koan shall be Goa and he shall not leave the headquarters without obtaining prior permission of the Competent Authority. It is also ordered that during the period of his suspension he would be entitled to a subsistence allowance at an amount equal to the leave salary…in addition, dearness allowance, if admissible on the basis of such leave salary, under 4(1)(a) of the All India Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1969, subject to furnishing of a certificate that he has not been employed in any business, profession or vocation for a profit/ remuneration/ salary.” On whether an inquiry has been initiated against Koan, DGP Jaspal Singh had earlier said, “A report has been sent to the government regarding facts and circumstances of the case. The call [regarding inquiry and further action] has to be taken by the government.”
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍UPSC Ethics Simplified: Indian Police and Ethics
GOVT & POLITICS
President approves Assam delimitation order, CM welcomes
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance
Main Examination: General Studies II: Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act, Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story- President Droupadi Murmu on Wednesday approved the final delimitation order issued by the Election Commission of India with respect to the parliamentary and Assembly constituencies in Assam. On August 11, the ECI had published the final delimitation order for the 14 parliamentary and 14 Assembly constituencies in Assam. On Wednesday, the Ministry of Law and Justice published an order by the President stating that the ECI’s order took effect from Wednesday.
• What is delimitation?
• Who conducts delimitation and how is it done?
• What is Article 170 of Indian Constitution?
• For Your Information-On the eve of the deadline, the Assam Cabinet decided to re-merge four districts into the districts they were carved out from in the recent past. The mergers will bring down the count of districts in Assam from 35 to 31. Assam currently has 14 Lok Sabha and 126 Assembly constituencies.
• Delimitation Commission of India and Delimitation Commission Act-Know in detail
• Delimitation Commission-Members, Power and Independence
• Delimitation commissions in the past (1952, 1962, 1972 and 2002)-Know in brief
• Present Status-The delimitation will be done on the basis of the 2001 Census, as mandated by Article 170 of the Constitution. The delimitation of Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies in Assam was last conducted in 1976. While the last round of delimitation was done for the country starting in 2002, the exercise was suspended for Assam due to security concerns and demands that it should not be done till the National Register of Citizens was finalised. In March 2020, the Centre notified a Delimitation Commission for Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland. A year later, the Centre extended the term of the Delimitation Commission by a year, but excluded the Northeastern states from its mandate.
• Do You Know-Delimitation Commissions have been established exactly four times in India’s history: in 1952, 1963, 1973, and 2002. The delineation was absent following the 1981, 1991, and 2001 Censuses.
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍Assam delimitation: Why now, what are the concerns raised
EXPLAINED
Syllabus:
Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development
Mains Examination:
• General Studies II: Issues relating to poverty and hunger
• General Studies III: Inclusive growth and issues arising from it
Key Points to Ponder:
• What’s the ongoing story- Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in his Independence Day address that in the first five-year term of his government, “13.5 crore of my fellow poor brothers and sisters have broken free from the chains of poverty and entered the new middle class”. Later in the speech, he said, “When poverty reduces…the power of the middle-class section…increases manifold… Today the 13.5 crore people who have come out of poverty have in a way become the middle class. When the purchasing power of the poor increases, the power of the middle class to carry out business grows too…” The 13.5-crore number cited by the PM appears in the second National Multidimensional Poverty Index report that was published by Niti Aayog on July 17 (Some highlights in chart). The first such report was published in 2021.
• What is the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), and how does it estimate poverty?
• National Multidimensional Poverty Index: A Progress Review 2023-What are the key takeaways?
• MPI uses three dimensions and ten indicators-Know in detail the dimensions, indicators, deprivation cutoffs, and weights of the global Multidimensional Poverty Index
• “India’s progress shows that Sustainable Development Goal 1.2 to reduce poverty is feasible, even at a large scale,”-How India reduced poverty?
• Do You Know-The national MPI measures deprivations across the three dimensions of health and nutrition, education, and standard of living. Within health, it tracks three variables: nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, and maternal health. In education, it tracks two variables: years of schooling, and school attendance. And in standard of living, it tracks seven variables such as sanitation, drinking water, bank account, etc. The index is based on the methodology used by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to construct the Global MPI. OPHI and UNDP are technical partners in the formulation of the national index. But India’s MPI is not exactly the same as the Global MPI. For instance, India’s MPI has 12 variables, while the Global MPI has 10. The two additional variables in India’s MPI are maternal health and bank account.
• How does this reduction in poverty (13.5 crore in the period between the two NFHS rounds) compare with India’s past record?
• What is Poverty?
• How poverty is defined by different international institutions??
• What has the Multidimensional Poverty Index stated about India’s poverty levels?
• Classifications of poverty-Know in Detail (Hint: Absolute and Relative)
• Poverty estimation in India-How Poverty is defined in India?
• How has poverty been estimated in India traditionally?
• Alagh Committee (1979) Lakdawala Committee (1993), Tendulkar Committee (2009), Rangarajan committee (2012) and their poverty estimation.
• What do you understand by the term ‘head-count ratio’?
• Does the reduction in poverty add to India’s middle class?
• Poverty Alleviation Programs in India by Government of India-Know in detail
• For Your Information-This is the second edition of Niti Aayog’s report on the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). It captures overlapping deprivations in health, education and living standards and other broader qualitative aspects of life, like child mortality, housing conditions, and other basic services such as water and sanitation to ascertain multidimensional poverty. The primary data source to arrive at these figures was National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5). Under the three broad indicators of health, education and living standards, Niti Aayog assigns specific dimensions – such as nutrition and child adolescent mortality under health, years of schooling under education, and access to cooking fuel, electricity, bank accounts etc. under quality of living. Each of these specific parameters are assigned a value to calculate what is called a ‘deprivation score’. The deprivation score is the sum of the weighted status of all the indicators for an individual – if it is more than 0.33, only then an individual is considered multidimensionally poor.
• What is keeping Indians multidimensionally poor?
• How have various states fared in the multidimensional poverty index?
Other Important Articles Covering the same topic:
📍Multidimensional Poverty Index: Rural improvements led by Bihar, MP, UP
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